Bili\u015fim su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ceza hukuku alan\u0131nda (haberle\u015fmenin gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u: TCK 132) avukatlar\u0131n da i\u015fine yarayabilecek bir karar\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avukat Do\u00e7. Dr. \u015eaban Cankat TA\u015eKIN, Bursa Barosu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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T.C.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n YARGITAY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 12. CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n E. 2018\/1722<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n K. 2018\/9484<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T. 21.11.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 YASA DI\u015eI Y\u00d6NTEMLERLE ELE GE\u00c7\u0130R\u0130LEN SES VE G\u00d6R\u00dcNT\u00dc KAYITLARININ A\u00c7I\u011eA \u00c7IKARILMASI VEYA YAYILMASI ( Tek Ba\u015f\u0131na ve Her Zaman \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Sorumluluklara Uygun Davran\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6stermedi\u011fi – \u00d6zellikle Bas\u0131n\u0131n Toplum ve Devlet Hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u0130lgilendiren Meselelerde Bilgi Vermesinin de Demokrasinin D\u00fczg\u00fcn Bir \u015eekilde \u0130\u015flemesinin Sa\u011flanmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Temel G\u00f6revi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Bir Zorunluluk Oldu\u011fu\/Haberle\u015fmenin Gizlili\u011fini \u0130hlal ve Hakaret Su\u00e7u )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 HALKIN GENEL\u0130N\u0130 \u0130LG\u0130LEND\u0130REN VE KAMU YARARI BULUNAN T\u00dcM OLAYLAR ( Halk\u0131 Objektif ve Ger\u00e7ekleri Yans\u0131tacak Bi\u00e7imde Ayd\u0131nlatma \u00c7e\u015fitli Sorunlar \u00dczerinde Kamuoyunu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00c7a\u011f\u0131racak Tarzda Tart\u0131\u015fmalar A\u00e7ma Onu Toplumsal ve Siyasal Olu\u015fumlar \u00dczerinde Do\u011fru ve Ger\u00e7e\u011fe Uygun Bilgilerle Donatma Y\u00f6neticileri Ele\u015ftirme Uyarma ve Denetleme ile \u0130\u00e7inde Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Toplumun ve T\u00fcm \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Sorunlar\u0131 Konusunda Bireyi Bilin\u00e7lendirmenin Bas\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revlerinden Oldu\u011fu – Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Lehine Tav\u0131r Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 BASIN \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dcN \u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dcN TEZAH\u00dcR\u00dc OLMASI ( Halk\u0131 Objektif ve Ger\u00e7ekleri Yans\u0131tacak Bi\u00e7imde Toplumsal ve Siyasal Olu\u015fumlar \u00dczerinde Ger\u00e7e\u011fe Uygun Bilgilerle Donatma Y\u00f6neticileri Ele\u015ftirme Uyarma ve Denetleme ile \u0130\u00e7inde Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Toplumun Sorunlar\u0131 Konusunda Bireyi Bilin\u00e7lendirmenin Bas\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revlerinden Oldu\u011fu – Gizli Bir Kayd\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 Durumunda Bas\u0131n Eti\u011fine Uygun Tarzda Davran\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Hareket Edilmemi\u015f Olmak Ko\u015fuluyla Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Lehine Tav\u0131r Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 SANI\u011eIN B\u0130R GAZETEC\u0130 VE TELEV\u0130ZYONCU OLMASI ( G..Teknik Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Ayr\u0131larak Milli Tak\u0131m Teknik Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Ge\u00e7en ve Ele\u015ftiriye Katlanma S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Daha Geni\u015f Olan Kat\u0131lan ile G\u2026Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Olan Di\u011fer San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Kamuoyunun \u0130lgisinde Olan Konu ile \u0130lgili Olarak Z\u0131t A\u00e7\u0131klamalar Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bir Ortamda Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 – Kimin Do\u011fru S\u00f6yleyip S\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Kamuoyu Ayd\u0131nlatmak \u0130\u00e7in Kat\u0131lan ile Di\u011fer San\u0131k Aras\u0131nda Ge\u00e7en Mesajla\u015fma \u0130\u00e7eriklerini Yay\u0131nlamas\u0131n\u0131n Kat\u0131lana Do\u011frudan Hakaret Etme ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Amac\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 K\u0130\u015e\u0130SEL DE\u011eER YARGILARI \u0130LE HAREKET ED\u0130LMEMES\u0130 ( G..Teknik Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Ayr\u0131larak Milli Tak\u0131m Teknik Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Ge\u00e7en ve Ele\u015ftiriye Katlanma S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Daha Geni\u015f Olan Kat\u0131lan ile G\u2026Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Olan Di\u011fer San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Kamuoyunun \u0130lgisinde Olan Konu ile \u0130lgili Olarak Z\u0131t A\u00e7\u0131klamalar Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bir Ortamda Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 – San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Hakaret Etme ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Amac\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131\/San\u0131k Bilgilerin Kamuoyuna Sunmas\u0131 Eyleminde Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kapsam\u0131nda Hareket Etti\u011finden Beraati Gerekti\u011fi )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 MESAJLA\u015eMA \u0130\u00c7ER\u0130KLER\u0130N\u0130N RIZA DI\u015eINDA YAYILMASI ( San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Mesajla\u015fma \u0130\u00e7eriklerini Kat\u0131lan\u0131n R\u0131zas\u0131 D\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Di\u011fer San\u0131\u011fa Vermesi Eyleminde Aleniyet Unsurunun Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi Nedeniyle Eylemin Haberle\u015fmenin Gizlili\u011fini \u0130hlal Su\u00e7u Kapsam\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirilemeyecek Oldu\u011fu – San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Di\u011fer San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Mesajla\u015fma \u0130\u00e7eriklerini Yay\u0131nlamas\u0131na \u0130\u015ftirak Etme Eylemi Nedeniyle de San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kapsam\u0131nda Kalan ve Su\u00e7 Olu\u015fturmayan Eylemi Nedeniyle de Mahkumiyetine Karar Verilemeyece\u011fi\/Beraat Karar\u0131 Verilmesi Gerekti\u011fi )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 \u00d6ZEL HAYATIN G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130 \u0130HLAL ( San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Eyleminde Aleniyet Unsurunun Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi Nedeniyle Eylemin Haberle\u015fmenin Gizlili\u011fini \u0130hlal Su\u00e7u Kapsam\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirilemeyecek Oldu\u011fu\/Konu\u015fma \u0130\u00e7erikleri G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hayata \u0130li\u015fkin Olup \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi \u0130tibariyle \u00d6zel Hayat Kapsam\u0131nda Olmamas\u0131 Nedeniyle Bu Su\u00e7 Kapsam\u0131nda da De\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi – San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kapsam\u0131nda Kalan ve Su\u00e7 Olu\u015fturmayan Eylemi Nedeniyle de Mahkumiyetine Karar Verilemeyece\u011fi\/Beraat Karar\u0131 Verilmesi Gerekti\u011fi )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 HAP\u0130S CEZASININ \u00c7EVR\u0130LMES\u0130 ( Haberle\u015fmenin Gizlili\u011fini \u0130hlal ve Hakaret Su\u00e7u\/San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Su\u00e7 Tarihinde 65 Ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Doldurdu\u011fu ve Daha \u00d6nce Sab\u0131kas\u0131 Bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 – San\u0131k Hakk\u0131nda H\u00fckmedilen K\u0131sa S\u00fcreli Hapis Cezas\u0131n\u0131n Adli Para Cezas\u0131na \u00c7evrilmesi Gerekti\u011finin G\u00f6zetilmemesinin Kanuna Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Oldu\u011fu\/T\u00fcm A\u00e7\u0131klanan Nedenlerle Karar\u0131n Bozulmas\u0131 Gerekti\u011fi )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 5237\/m.<\/strong>50<\/strong><\/a>\/3, <\/strong>125<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>132<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6ZET : <\/strong>Dava, haberle\u015fmenin gizlili\u011fini ihlal ve hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011felendirilmesine ili\u015fkindir. Yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle kaydedilen ya da yasal olmayan yollarla ele ge\u00e7irilen ses ya da g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya yay\u0131lmas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ve her zaman ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sorumluluklara uygun davran\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez. \u00d6zellikle bas\u0131n\u0131n, toplum ve devlet hayat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren meselelerde bilgi vermesi de demokrasinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel g\u00f6revi ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir zorunluluktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Halk\u0131n genelini ilgilendiren ve kamu yarar\u0131 bulunan t\u00fcm olaylar hakk\u0131nda, halk\u0131 objektif ve ger\u00e7ekleri yans\u0131tacak bi\u00e7imde ayd\u0131nlatma, \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar \u00fczerinde kamuoyunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racak tarzda tart\u0131\u015fmalar a\u00e7ma, onu toplumsal ve siyasal olu\u015fumlar \u00fczerinde do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun bilgilerle donatma, y\u00f6neticileri ele\u015ftirme, uyarma ve bu y\u00f6ntemlerle denetleme, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun ve t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 konusunda bireyi bilin\u00e7lendirme ayn\u0131 zamanda bas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerindendir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gizli bir kayd\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve\/veya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, bas\u0131n eti\u011fine uygun tarzda davran\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edilmemi\u015f olmak ko\u015fuluyla, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fc olan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lehine tav\u0131r al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir gazeteci ve televizyoncu olan san\u0131k, G..teknik direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ayr\u0131larak milli tak\u0131m teknik direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ge\u00e7en ve A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ele\u015ftiriye katlanma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 daha geni\u015f olan kat\u0131lan ile G\u2026ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan di\u011fer san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylem itibariyle g\u00fcndemde ve kamuoyunun ilgisinde olan konu ile ilgili olarak z\u0131t a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kimin do\u011fru s\u00f6yleyip s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kamuyu ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan ile di\u011fer san\u0131k aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en mesajla\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerini haber verme kurgusu ve a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kat\u0131lana do\u011frudan hakaret etme, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131madan, de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kamuoyuna sunmas\u0131 eyleminde bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda hareket etti\u011finden beraati gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n San\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan ile yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu mesajla\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerini kat\u0131lan\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer san\u0131\u011fa vermesi eyleminde aleniyet unsurunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi nedeniyle haberle\u015fmenin gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyecek olup konu\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata ili\u015fkin olup i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibariyle \u00f6zel hayat kapsam\u0131nda olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda da de\u011ferlendirilemeyecektir. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mesajla\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerini yay\u0131nlamas\u0131na i\u015ftirak etme eylemi nedeniyle de san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kalan ve su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmayan eylemi nedeniyle de mahkumiyetine karar verilemece\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beraatine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Su\u00e7 tarihinde 65 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dolduran ve daha \u00f6nce sab\u0131kas\u0131 bulunmayan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda h\u00fckmedilen k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n adli para cezas\u0131na \u00e7evrilmesi gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DAVA : <\/strong>Haberle\u015fmenin gizlili\u011fini ihlal ve hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan san\u0131klar\u0131n mahkumiyetine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, san\u0131klar m\u00fcdafiileri taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmekle, dosya incelenerek gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n KARAR : <\/strong>Haberle\u015fmin gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 132<\/a>. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup; birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki haberle\u015fmenin gizlili\u011finin ihlalini, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda if\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise ki\u015finin taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fu haberle\u015fmenin i\u00e7eri\u011finin if\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 oldu\u011fu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu durumda eylemin aleni olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hakaret su\u00e7u ise 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 125<\/a>. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda hakaret su\u00e7unun temel \u015fekline, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131nda nitelikli hallerine yer verilmi\u015f, madde gerek\u00e7esinde hakaret fiillerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla korunan hukuki de\u011fer, \u201cki\u015filerin \u015feref, haysiyet ve namusu, toplum i\u00e7indeki itibar\u0131, di\u011fer fertler nezdindeki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak belirtilmi\u015f olup, bu su\u00e7un olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ki\u015fiyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye matuf olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. Somut bir fiil ya da olgu isnat etmek veya s\u00f6vmek \u015feklindeki se\u00e7imlik hareketlerden biri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eylem, bireyin onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rencide edebilecek nitelikte ise hakaret su\u00e7u olu\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 31.01.2017 tarihli ve 2014\/4-785<\/a>, 2017\/34 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; bir hareketin tahkir edici olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 durumlarda nispi olup, zamana, yere ve duruma g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir. Bu nedenle her t\u00fcrl\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftiri veya rahats\u0131z edici s\u00f6zlerin hakaret su\u00e7u ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmemesi, s\u00f6zlerin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 rencide edebilecek nitelikte somut bir fiil veya olgu isnad\u0131n\u0131 veya s\u00f6vmek fiilini olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hakaret su\u00e7u, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlayan nedenlerden olup, iddianamelere konu yaz\u0131 ve yaz\u0131 dizisindeki ifadelerin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak de\u011ferlendirme sonucunda karar verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; \u00e7o\u011fulcu ve anayasal demokrasilerin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 tan\u0131mlara yer verilmekle birlikte genel kabule g\u00f6re, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; insan\u0131n serbest\u00e7e haber, bilgi ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n fikirlerine ula\u015fabilmesi, edindi\u011fi fikir ve kanaatlerden dolay\u0131 k\u0131nanmamas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla birlikte me\u015fru y\u00f6ntemlerle d\u0131\u015fa vurabilme imkan ve serbestisidir. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sadece \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat sahibi olma\u201dy\u0131 de\u011fil, \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlere ula\u015fma\u201d ve \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatleri a\u00e7\u0131klama, yayma\u201d \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini de kapsamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ifade tarzlar\u0131, bi\u00e7imleri ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131 da bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; insan haklar\u0131 hukuku belgelerinde ve anayasalarda, temel haklar ve \u00f6devler kategorisinde, birinci ku\u015fak haklar aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokrasilerde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli, \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunulmaz, devredilmez ve vazge\u00e7ilmez bir hak ve ya\u015famsal bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n ( Anayasa ) \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 25. maddesinde; \u201cHerkes, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir. Her ne sebep ve ama\u00e7la olursa olsun kimse d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya zorlanamaz; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatleri sebebiyle k\u0131nanamaz ve su\u00e7lanamaz.\u201d ve \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 26. maddesinde; \u201cHerkes d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaatlerini s\u00f6z, yaz\u0131, resim veya ba\u015fka yollarla tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya toplu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu h\u00fcrriyet resmi makamlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n haber veya fikir almak ya da vermek serbestli\u011fini de kapsar…\u201d \u015feklindeki d\u00fczenlemelerle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anayasal g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki, Anayasa’n\u0131n 90. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131; usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalar\u0131n kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu, bunlar hakk\u0131nda Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131 ile Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalarla kanunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 konuda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu nedenle i\u00e7 hukukumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrkiye’nin taraf oldu\u011fu 4 Kas\u0131m 1950 tarihli \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Temel \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin Korunmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fme’de ( Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi-A\u0130HS ) ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi ve A\u0130HS’nin esas uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u00e7tihat mercii olan Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi’nin ( A\u0130HM ) ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.A\u0130HS’nin \u201c\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 10. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u201cHerkes g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini a\u00e7\u0131klama ve anlat\u0131m \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir. Bu hak, kanaat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile kamu otoritelerinin m\u00fcdahalesi ve \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmaks\u0131z\u0131n haber veya fikir alma ve verme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de i\u00e7erir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u0130HM’e g\u00f6re ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, demokratik bir toplumun en \u00f6nemli temellerinden olup, toplumsal ilerlemenin ve her ki\u015finin geli\u015fiminin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birini te\u015fkil etmektedir. A\u0130HS’nin 10. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak ko\u015fuluyla, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanan ya da zarars\u0131z veya \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmayan ya da kayg\u0131 uyand\u0131ran \u201cbilgiler\u201d ya da \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201d i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. \u00c7o\u011fulculuk, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve a\u00e7\u0131k fikirlilik bunu gerektirir ve bunlar olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u201cdemokratik bir toplum\u201d olmaz ( Handyside\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, 5493\/72, 07.12.1976 ). \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle kurulu d\u00fczene ters d\u00fc\u015fen, \u015foke eden ya da meydan okuyan fikirlerin korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir ( Women On Waves ve di\u011ferleri\/Portekiz, 31276\/05, 03.02.2009 ).A\u0130HM, bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda, A\u0130HS’nin 10. maddesinin sadece ifade edilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce veya bilginin esas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bunlar\u0131n aktar\u0131lma bi\u00e7imlerini de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu anlamda, A\u0130HS’de \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmeyen bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, A\u0130HS’nin 10. maddesinde yer alan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 hukukumuzda ise Anayasa’n\u0131n 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcr oldu\u011fu ve sans\u00fcr edilemeyece\u011fi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda bas\u0131n ve haber alma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin bulundu\u011fu, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda Anayasa’n\u0131n 26 ve 27. maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle halk\u0131 ilgilendiren haber ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri iletme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr, di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ise bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, halk\u0131n bu bilgi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri alma hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde bas\u0131n kamuoyunun bilgi edinme hakk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birincil derecede \u00f6nemi bulunan \u201chalk\u0131n g\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ya da \u201cbek\u00e7isi\u201d g\u00f6revini yapabilir ( Observer ve Guardian\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, 13585\/88, 26.11.1991 ). Bu g\u00f6revini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in bas\u0131na bir k\u0131s\u0131m haklar da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar; bilgi edinme, yayma, ele\u015ftirme, yorumlama ve eser yaratma haklar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bas\u0131na, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullananlar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir stat\u00fc verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n; bilgi edinme, bilgiyi yayma, ele\u015ftirme, yorumlama ve eser yaratma haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken, kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek zorunda olduklar\u0131 gibi, a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun ve g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zenle irdelemek, bunlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131\u015f \u015fekli ile konusu aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel bir ba\u011f kurmak, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine de uygun davranmak mecburiyetinde olduklar\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin gerek Anayasa gerek A\u0130HS h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun davran\u0131lmamas\u0131, devletin pozitif ve negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket etmesi anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Zira, negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck kapsam\u0131nda yetkili makamlar, zorunlu olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ifadenin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamamal\u0131 ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara tabi tutmamal\u0131; pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck kapsam\u0131nda ise ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek ve etkili bir bi\u00e7imde korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almal\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yararlanma hakk\u0131 ile di\u011fer ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurmal\u0131d\u0131r. Adil bir dengenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler kadar bu d\u00fczenlemelerin uygulamaya yans\u0131mas\u0131 da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu noktada A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131, A\u0130HS’e taraf olan devletlerde uygulamay\u0131 \u015fekillendirmektedir. A\u0130HM, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ayn\u0131 \u00f6neme sahip di\u011fer bir hakk\u0131n ( \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131, \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 gibi ) kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi durumlarda; ifadenin kamu yarar\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131s\u0131, ifadenin muhatab\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi ve konumu, ifade sahibinin tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nceki tutumlar\u0131, ifadenin amac\u0131, i\u00e7eri\u011fi, \u015fekli ve etkileri, bilginin elde edilme y\u00f6ntemi ve do\u011frulu\u011fu, yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kriterleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan haklardan birini di\u011ferine tercih etmektedir ( Axel Springer AG\/Almanya, 39954\/08, 07.02.2012 ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u0130HM’e g\u00f6re, \u00f6ncelikle ifadelerin bir \u201colgu isnad\u0131\u201d m\u0131 yoksa bir olay ya da durum konusunda bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 veya ki\u015fisel bir de\u011ferlendirmeyi ortaya koyan \u201cde\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131\u201d m\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirlenmelidir. Zira olgu isnad\u0131 kan\u0131tlanabilir bir husus iken, bir de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n istenmesi dahi ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale say\u0131labilecektir. Yarg\u0131lamaya konu olan ifadeler e\u011fer bir de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7ermekte ve somut bir olgu isnad\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyecekse de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyecek \u201cyeterli bir altyap\u0131\u201dn\u0131n mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u0130HM taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmaktad\u0131r. Zira de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n dahi belli d\u00fczeyde olgusal temel i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. \u00d6te yandan, hi\u00e7bir veriye dayanmayan ve hi\u00e7bir altyap\u0131s\u0131 bulunmayan bir de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131, A\u0130HM taraf\u0131ndan da ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kabul g\u00f6rmemektedir. Olgu isnad\u0131 i\u00e7eren ifadeler konusunda ise en az\u0131ndan ilk bak\u0131\u015fta g\u00fcvenilir g\u00f6r\u00fcnen delil sunulmas\u0131 ve iddialar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin ispat\u0131na y\u00f6nelik delil sunulmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. E\u011fer bir bilgi, kamunun geneli taraf\u0131ndan zaten biliniyorsa bir de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekleyecek ger\u00e7ekleri ortaya koyma \u015fart\u0131 daha az aranmaktad\u0131r. A\u0130HM, \u00f6zellikle kamu yarar\u0131 bulunan konularda, ifadeleri bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde ve olay\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirmekte, \u201cde\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f tutarak, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zeten bir yorum yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olgulara dayal\u0131 iddia olarak nitelenen a\u00e7\u0131klamalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan A\u0130HM, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n bu t\u00fcr ifadelerin ortaya konulmas\u0131ndan ve yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan sorumlu olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcr bilgilerle di\u011fer ki\u015fileri aldatmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lay\u0131p ama\u00e7lamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almaktad\u0131r. A\u0130HS’nin 10. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince, ba\u015fta bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullananlar\u0131n, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kullan\u0131rken, \u201cg\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131\u201d da vard\u0131r ve A\u0130HM’e g\u00f6re, A\u0130HS’nin 10. maddesinin bas\u0131na tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvence, gazetecilerin \u201ciyi niyetli ve do\u011fru olgular temelinde\u201d hareket etmeleri ve gazetecilik eti\u011fine uygun bi\u00e7imde \u201cdo\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilir\u201d bilgi sunmalar\u0131 ko\u015fuluna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ( Fatullayev\/Azerbaycan, 40984\/07, 22.04.2010 ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak \u00f6nemle vurgulamak gerekir ki, yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle kaydedilen ya da yasal olmayan yollarla ele ge\u00e7irilen ses ya da g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve\/veya yay\u0131lmas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ve her zaman ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sorumluluklara uygun davran\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez. \u00d6zellikle bas\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel hayatlar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme ve itibarlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma gibi \u00e7izilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmamas\u0131 gerekmesine ra\u011fmen toplum ve devlet hayat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren meselelerde bilgi vermesi de demokrasinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel g\u00f6revi ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir zorunluluktur. Bir ba\u015fka anlat\u0131mla halk\u0131n genelini ilgilendiren ve kamu yarar\u0131 bulunan t\u00fcm olaylar hakk\u0131nda, halk\u0131 objektif ve ger\u00e7ekleri yans\u0131tacak bi\u00e7imde ayd\u0131nlatma, \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar \u00fczerinde kamuoyunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racak tarzda tart\u0131\u015fmalar a\u00e7ma, onu toplumsal ve siyasal olu\u015fumlar \u00fczerinde do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun bilgilerle donatma, y\u00f6neticileri ele\u015ftirme, uyarma ve bu y\u00f6ntemlerle denetleme, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun ve t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 konusunda bireyi bilin\u00e7lendirme ayn\u0131 zamanda bas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerindendir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gizli bir kayd\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve\/veya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, kamu yarar\u0131, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha \u00f6nemli ise, bas\u0131n eti\u011fine uygun tarzda davran\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edilmemi\u015f olmak ko\u015fuluyla, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fc olan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lehine tav\u0131r al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n “…@R…O…_K” isimli twitter hesab\u0131ndan 25\/09\/2013 tarihinde payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu “Ba\u015fkan ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan profesyonel ili\u015fkisi bellidir… Ba\u015fkan’a meydan okumak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hukuk ve edebe ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r…”, “… gs ba\u015fkan\u0131na adana genelevinin cayc\u0131s\u0131 muamelesi yapt\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda da hakl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6nderildi…” ve “Acaba sinyor …. ba\u015fkan\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 terbiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hareketleri nas\u0131l savunacak.” \u015feklinde beyan ve s\u00f6zlerle, yine ayn\u0131 twitter hesab\u0131ndan 28\/09\/2013 tarihinde payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu “Fakat e\u011fer bu kay\u0131tlarda arama ve sms’ler varsa …’in yalanc\u0131, sahtek\u00e2r ve al\u00e7ak oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar” \u015feklinde beyan ve s\u00f6zlerle, yine twitter hesab\u0131ndan 30\/09\/2014 tarihinde payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu “… ile … aras\u0131ndaki tapelere ula\u015ft\u0131m…\u0130kisinden biri yalanc\u0131 ve sahtek\u00e2r….” \u015feklinde ve yine \u015e\u00fcphelinin 30\/09\/2013 tarihinde “…. TV” de yay\u0131nlanan “…. Futbol” isimli programda “…’in g\u00f6stere g\u00f6stere alenen yalan s\u00f6yledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendim”, “G… ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalamamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, milli tak\u0131m ile 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k anla\u015fma imzalamas\u0131d\u0131r, bu ahlaka uygun mu?” ,”…bu G…’\u0131 sat\u0131\u015fa getirmektir”, “… mi yalanc\u0131, sahtek\u00e2r yoksa … m\u0131 yalanc\u0131” , “O… Stad\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik\u00e7ilerine ‘s\u00f6yleyin o bilmem ne… Y\u00f6neticilerine gelmesinler’ dedi\u011fini”, “darbe planlar\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r eden, T\u00fcrk futbolunun ….’i” hakaret etti\u011fi ve ayn\u0131 televizyon program\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan ile G… Spor Kul\u00fcb\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 … aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kat\u0131lan\u0131n izni, r\u0131zas\u0131 ve muvafakati olmadan a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen olayla ilgili olarak;<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamaya, toplan\u0131p karar yerinde g\u00f6sterilen delillere, mahkemenin kovu\u015fturma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak olu\u015fan kanaat ve takdirine, incelenen dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, san\u0131klar m\u00fcdafiilerinin sair temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n reddine, ancak;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1- Bir gazeteci ve televizyoncu olan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, G..teknik direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ayr\u0131larak milli tak\u0131m teknik direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ge\u00e7en ve A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ele\u015ftiriye katlanma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 daha geni\u015f olan kat\u0131lan ile Galatasaray ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan di\u011fer san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylem itibariyle g\u00fcndemde ve kamuoyunun ilgisinde olan konu ile ilgili olarak z\u0131t a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kimin do\u011fru s\u00f6yleyip s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kamuyu ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan ile di\u011fer san\u0131k aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en mesajla\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerini haber verme kurgusu ve a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kat\u0131lana do\u011frudan hakaret etme, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131madan, de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kamuoyuna sunmas\u0131 eyleminde bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda hareket etti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden beraati yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde mahkumiyetine karar verilmesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2- San\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lan ile yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu mesajla\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerini kat\u0131lan\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer san\u0131\u011fa vermesi eyleminde aleniyet unsurunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi nedeniyle haberle\u015fmenin gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi, \u015fartlar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 durumunda \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilir ise de konu\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata ili\u015fkin olup i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibariyle \u00f6zel hayat kapsam\u0131nda olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda da de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi, \u00f6te yandan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mesajla\u015fma i\u00e7eriklerini yay\u0131nlamas\u0131na i\u015ftirak etme eylemi nedeniyle de san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kalan ve su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmayan eylemi nedeniyle de mahkumiyetine karar verilemece\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beraatine karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde mahkumiyetine karar verilmesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3- Kabul ve uygulamaya g\u00f6re de;<\/p>\n\n\n\n a ) Su\u00e7 tarihinde 65 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dolduran ve daha \u00f6nce sab\u0131kas\u0131 bulunmayan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda h\u00fckmedilen k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda TCK’n\u0131n 50<\/a>\/3. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince adli para cezas\u0131na \u00e7evrilmesi gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n b ) San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK’n\u0131n 53<\/a>. maddesi tatbik edilirken, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 24.11.2015 g\u00fcnl\u00fc Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan 08.10.2015 tarihli, 2014\/140 esas, 2015\/85 karar say\u0131l\u0131 iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesinde zorunluluk bulunmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n SONU\u00c7 : <\/strong>Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, san\u0131klar m\u00fcdafiilerinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131 bu itibarla yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, h\u00fckm\u00fcn bu nedenle 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 8<\/a>. maddesi uyar\u0131nca halen uygulanmakta olan 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK’un 321<\/a>. maddesi gere\u011fince isteme k\u0131smen ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak BOZULMASINA, 10.10.2018 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaynak: Kazanc\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihat Program\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bili\u015fim su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ceza hukuku alan\u0131nda (haberle\u015fmenin gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7u: TCK 132) avukatlar\u0131n da i\u015fine yarayabilecek bir karar\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorum. Avukat Do\u00e7. Dr. \u015eaban Cankat TA\u015eKIN, Bursa Barosu T.C. YARGITAY 12. CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130 E. 2018\/1722 K. 2018\/9484 T. 21.11.2018 \u2022 YASA … Okumaya devam et